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br Dysregulation of glutamate transporter expression and fun
2022-01-15

Dysregulation of glutamate transporter expression and function Aberrant glutamate transporter function and expression are associated with various neurological disorders. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of EAAT1/2 expression may provide therapeutic targets for treating neurologi
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The mammalian AMPA receptor protein family comprises four
2022-01-15

The mammalian AMPA receptor protein family comprises four subunits, termed GluR-A through GluR-D (or GluR1 through GluR4), which form hetero-tetrameric receptor complexes Dingledine et al. 1999, Rosenmund et al. 1998. These subunits possess distinctive intracellular C-terminal domains that can be gr
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br Conclusion In the present study we found
2022-01-15

Conclusion In the present study, we found that the majority of commercially available antibodies and antibody-based tools against galanin and its receptors that we tested do not meet validation requirements. Therefore, critical validation of these tools by the user is essential before being used
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The normal function of the FBPase enzyme is to
2022-01-14

The normal function of the FBPase enzyme is to catalyze the hydrolysis of F1,6BP to F6P. This activity is induced by diabetes and starvation and is increased in diabetic rats. The level of FBPase can be normalized by insulin, however, similar information is not available from diabetic patients. FBPa
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It has been reported that the
2022-01-14

It has been reported that the FDP synthase in Hevea latex has a major role to produce the starter substrate FPP for the prenyl chain elongation in natural rubber biosynthesis (Takaya et al., 2003). Accumulation of HbFDP mRNA transcripts in different tissue types including latex (natural rubber) prod
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Consistent with a similar study we found economic status to
2022-01-14

Consistent with a similar study, we found economic status to be very important to domestic funding of HIV. Upper-middle-income and high-income countries are more likely to have fiscal space for health and be less reliant on external sources. Moreover, richer countries often attract larger cofinancin
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This connection is supported by studies in
2022-01-14

This connection is supported by studies in the SIV macaque model of HIV, where treatment with methamphetamine, which greatly enhances CNS dopamine levels (Truong, 2005); increased fostamatinib viral load. Methamphetamine also increased expression of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 in CNS macrophages, there
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br Conclusion br Acknowledgments This research was funded
2022-01-14

Conclusion Acknowledgments This research was funded by Tianjin Health Institution Key Projects, grant number 15KG148” and “Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Youth Incubation Fund, grant number ZYYFY2017029”. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor Hongtao Zhang fo
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One important aspect about GSK inhibitors is their
2022-01-14

One important aspect about GSK-3 inhibitors is their effect on pluripotency of JQ1 mg [4]. Many GSK-3 inhibitors are ATP-competitive and suppress both GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta [476]. BIO was shown to suppress GSK-3 activity and promote Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. This combination of events preserve
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br Activity dependent control of myelination and myelin main
2022-01-14

Activity-dependent control of myelination and myelin maintenance Oligodendrocytes have intrinsic myelinating capacity and can myelinate fixed Arylquin 1 australia in addition to synthetic nanofibers and micropillars [21, 34, 35]. What prevents oligodendrocytes from myelinating dendrites or other
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Originally identified as a GPCR
2022-01-14

Originally identified as a GPCR upregulated on Burkitt lymphoma cells upon Epstein-Barr virus infection (Birkenbach et al., 1993), Ebi2 was later found to play critical roles in immunity by regulating the migration of activated AN-2728 to extrafollicular sites for early plasmablast responses (Gatto
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Autophagy as an important cellular process
2022-01-14

Autophagy as an important cellular process has drawn attentions to its role in cardiovascular systems [16]. Autophagy is a self-digestion and degradation process that recycles the contents of the cytosol, including macromolecules and cellular organelles, resulting in self-repair and conservation for
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Elevated methylglyoxal levels also contribute to carbonyl st
2022-01-14

Elevated methylglyoxal levels also contribute to carbonyl stress, cytotoxicity, DNA damage, apoptosis and cell death. These mechanisms may be important for normal aging of the nervous system as well as for the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease wher
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The unique ability of R PabI to specifically excise adenine
2022-01-14

The unique ability of R.PabI to specifically excise cpt 3 from a palindromic sequence is based on a novel structural architecture that is distinct not only from other DNA glycosylases but also from other proteins [88]. In the absence of DNA, R.PabI forms a dimer with a central, highly twisted β-she
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Heterocysts provide the required microoxic
2022-01-14

Heterocysts provide the required microoxic environment for the oxygen-sensitive N2-fixing nitrogenase enzyme complex. This environment is formed during heterocyst development. Developing heterocysts inactivate photosystem II and degrade antenna pigments, thereby decreasing oxygenic photosynthesis (F
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